Sunday, March 20, 2011

Spring - Hibernate: Many-To-One Association - Explicitly Specify Join Table, Cascade, and Fetch

Introduction

In this tutorial we'll expand our previous project Spring - Hibernate: Many-To-One Association by explicitly specifying the join table and join columns. We will also declare the Cascade type and Fetch strategy for the @ManyToOne annotation.

Spring MVC 3 and Hibernate Tutorials Series
Spring - Hibernate: Many-To-One Association - Explicitly Specify Join Table, Cascade, and Fetch
Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association - Explicitly Specify Join Table, Cascade, and Fetch
Spring - Hibernate: Many-To-One Association
Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association
Spring MVC 3, Hibernate Annotations, MySQL Integration Tutorial
Spring MVC 3, Hibernate Annotations, HSQLDB Integration Tutorial

Changes

Using a diff tool, we can easily visualize the changes from the previous project and our updated project. Notice only CreditCard.java has changed. Everything else have remained the same.

Development

Similar with the original project, we'll split our development in three layers: Domain, Service, and Controller. But since only the domain has changed, we will only discuss the Domain layer. For the remaining layers, please see the original tutorial: Spring - Hibernate: Many-To-One Association

Domain Layer

For the domain layer, only CreditCard class has changed by adding extra properties to the @ManyToOne annotation.

CreditCard.java

package org.krams.tutorial.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;

/**
 * Represents a credit card entity
 * 
 * @author Krams at {@link http://krams915@blogspot.com
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "CREDIT_CARD")
public class CreditCard implements Serializable {

 private static final long serialVersionUID = 5924361831551833717L;

 @Id
 @Column(name = "ID")
 @GeneratedValue
 private Integer id;
 
 @Column(name = "TYPE")
 private String type;
 
 @Column(name = "NUMBER")
 private String number;

 @ManyToOne( cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE}, fetch=FetchType.EAGER )
    @JoinTable(name="CREDIT_PERSON",
        joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name="CREDIT_ID"),
        inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name="PERSON_ID")
    )
 private Person person;
 
 public Integer getId() {
  return id;
 }

 public void setId(Integer id) {
  this.id = id;
 }

 public String getType() {
  return type;
 }

 public void setType(String type) {
  this.type = type;
 }

 public String getNumber() {
  return number;
 }

 public void setNumber(String number) {
  this.number = number;
 }

 public Person getPerson() {
  return person;
 }

 public void setPerson(Person person) {
  this.person = person;
 }
 
 
}

Pay extra attention to the @ManyToOne annotation:

@Entity
@Table(name = "CREDIT_CARD")
public class CreditCard implements Serializable {
 ...
 @ManyToOne( cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE}, fetch=FetchType.EAGER )
    @JoinTable(name="CREDIT_PERSON",
        joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name="CREDIT_ID"),
        inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name="PERSON_ID")
    )
 private Person person;
 ...
}

We have explicitly declared the join table name and the join column names.

Using phpymyadmin's database designer, the Hibernate auto-generated relationship between Person and CreditCard looks as follows

Again using phpymyadmin, the auto-generated tables looks as follows:

By specifying the @JoinTable, we forced Hibernate to create a third table that contains the relationship between Person and CreditCard. By default, @ManyToOne creates two tables.

Notice we have also specified the Cascade and Fetch strategies as well.

What does CascadeType.PERSIST and CascadeType.MERGE do?

CascadeType.PERSIST: cascades the persist (create) operation to associated entities persist() is called or if the entity is managed
CascadeType.MERGE: cascades the merge operation to associated entities if merge() is called or if the entity is managed
CascadeType.REMOVE: cascades the remove operation to associated entities if delete() is called
CascadeType.REFRESH: cascades the refresh operation to associated entities if refresh() is called
CascadeType.DETACH: cascades the detach operation to associated entities if detach() is called

CascadeType.ALL: all of the above

Source: Hibernate Annotations Reference Guide

What does FetchType.EAGER do?

You have the ability to either eagerly or lazily fetch associated entities. The fetch parameter can be set to FetchType.LAZY or FetchType.EAGER. EAGER will try to use an outer join select to retrieve the associated object, while LAZY will only trigger a select when the associated object is accessed for the first time. @OneToMany and @ManyToMany associations are defaulted to LAZY and @OneToOne and @ManyToOne are defaulted to EAGER.

Source: Hibernate Annotations Reference Guide

Notice @ManyToOne are defaulted to EAGER. That means it's not necessary to declare the fetch=FetchType.EAGER inside the @ManyToOne. But we declared it anyway for the purpose of demonstrating its feature in this tutorial.

Configuration

We've completed the changes necessary for the project. The next step is to declare the configuration files. But since nothing has changed in the configuration files, we won't be posting them again here. Please see the original tutorial Spring - Hibernate: Many-To-One Association if you want to see the files.

Run the Application

Setup the database

Our application uses MySQL as its database. To run the application, make sure to setup the database first.

To create the database, follow these steps.
1. Open phpmyadmin (or any tool you prefer with)
2. Create a new database named mydatabase
3. Run the application to automatically create the database schema.

To populate the database with sample data, import the mydatabase.sql SQL script which is located under the WEB-INF folder of the application:

Access the main application

To access the main application, use the following URL:

http://localhost:8080/spring-hibernate-many-to-one-jointable/krams/main/record/list

You should see the following application:

Conclusion

That's it. We've successfully expanded our previous project Spring - Hibernate: Many-To-One Association by explicitly specifying the join table and join columns. We also declared the Cascade and Fetch strategies explicitly.

Download the project
You can access the project site at Google's Project Hosting at http://code.google.com/p/spring-mvc-hibernate-annotations-integration-tutorial/

You can download the project as a Maven build. Look for the spring-hibernate-many-to-one-jointable.zip in the Download sections.

You can run the project directly using an embedded server via Maven.
For Tomcat: mvn tomcat:run
For Jetty: mvn jetty:run

If you want to learn more about Spring MVC and integration with other technologies, feel free to read my other tutorials in the Tutorials section.

Share the joy:

Subscribe by reader

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Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association - Explicitly Specify Join Table, Cascade, and Fetch

Introduction

In this tutorial we'll expand our previous project Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association by explicitly specifying the join table and join columns. We will also declare the Cascade type and Fetch strategy for the @OneToMany annotation.

Spring MVC 3 and Hibernate Tutorials Series
Spring - Hibernate: Many-To-One Association - Explicitly Specify Join Table, Cascade, and Fetch
Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association - Explicitly Specify Join Table, Cascade, and Fetch
Spring - Hibernate: Many-To-One Association
Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association
Spring MVC 3, Hibernate Annotations, MySQL Integration Tutorial
Spring MVC 3, Hibernate Annotations, HSQLDB Integration Tutorial

Changes

Using a diff tool, we can easily visualize the changes from the previous project and our updated project. Notice only Person.java, CreditCardService.java, and PersonService.java have changed. Everything else have remained the same.

Development

Similar with the original project, we'll split our development in three layers: Domain, Service, and Controller.

Domain Layer

For the domain layer, only Person class has changed by adding extra properties to the @OneToMany annotation.

Person.java

package org.krams.tutorial.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;

/**
 * Represents a person entity
 * 
 *  @author Krams at {@link http://krams915@blogspot.com}
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "PERSON")
public class Person implements Serializable {

 private static final long serialVersionUID = -5527566248002296042L;
 
 @Id
 @Column(name = "ID")
 @GeneratedValue
 private Integer id;
 
 @Column(name = "FIRST_NAME")
 private String firstName;
 
 @Column(name = "LAST_NAME")
 private String lastName;
 
 @Column(name = "MONEY")
 private Double money;

 @OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL, fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
 @JoinTable(
            name="PersonCreditCards",
            joinColumns = @JoinColumn( name="PERSON_ID"),
            inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn( name="CREDIT_ID")
    )
 private Set<CreditCard> creditCards;
 
 public Integer getId() {
  return id;
 }

 public void setId(Integer id) {
  this.id = id;
 }

 public String getFirstName() {
  return firstName;
 }

 public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
  this.firstName = firstName;
 }

 public String getLastName() {
  return lastName;
 }

 public void setLastName(String lastName) {
  this.lastName = lastName;
 }

 public Double getMoney() {
  return money;
 }

 public void setMoney(Double money) {
  this.money = money;
 }

 public Set<CreditCard> getCreditCards() {
  return creditCards;
 }

 public void setCreditCards(Set<CreditCard> creditCards) {
  this.creditCards = creditCards;
 }
}

Pay extra attention to the @OneToMany annotation:

@Entity
@Table(name = "PERSON")
public class Person implements Serializable {
 ...
 @OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL, fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
 @JoinTable(
            name="PersonCreditCards",
            joinColumns = @JoinColumn( name="PERSON_ID"),
            inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn( name="CREDIT_ID")
    )
 private Set<CreditCard> creditCards;
 ...
}

Again using phpymyadmin, the auto-generated tables looks as follows:

Notice we have also specified the Cascade and Fetch strategies as well.

What does CascadeType.ALL do?

CascadeType.PERSIST: cascades the persist (create) operation to associated entities persist() is called or if the entity is managed
CascadeType.MERGE: cascades the merge operation to associated entities if merge() is called or if the entity is managed
CascadeType.REMOVE: cascades the remove operation to associated entities if delete() is called
CascadeType.REFRESH: cascades the refresh operation to associated entities if refresh() is called
CascadeType.DETACH: cascades the detach operation to associated entities if detach() is called

CascadeType.ALL: all of the above

Source: Hibernate Annotations Reference Guide

What does FetchType.EAGER do?

You have the ability to either eagerly or lazily fetch associated entities. The fetch parameter can be set to FetchType.LAZY or FetchType.EAGER. EAGER will try to use an outer join select to retrieve the associated object, while LAZY will only trigger a select when the associated object is accessed for the first time. @OneToMany and @ManyToMany associations are defaulted to LAZY and @OneToOne and @ManyToOne are defaulted to EAGER.

Source: Hibernate Annotations Reference Guide

Notice @OneToMany are defaulted to LAZY.

Service Layer

Specifying the Cascade and Fetch strategies with @OneToMany annotation requires us to change our service classes to take advantage of those settings.

PersonService.java

package org.krams.tutorial.service;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.krams.tutorial.domain.CreditCard;
import org.krams.tutorial.domain.Person;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * Service for processing Persons
 * 
 * @author Krams at {@link http://krams915@blogspot.com
 */
@Service("personService")
@Transactional
public class PersonService {

 protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("service");
 
 @Resource(name="sessionFactory")
 private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
 
 /**
  * Retrieves all persons
  * 
  * @return a list of persons
  */
 public List<Person> getAll() {
  logger.debug("Retrieving all persons");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();

  // Create a Hibernate query (HQL)
  Query query = session.createQuery("FROM Person");
  
  // Retrieve all
  return  query.list();
 }
 
 /**
  * Retrieves a single person
  */
 public Person get( Integer id ) {
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Retrieve existing person
  return (Person) session.get(Person.class, id);
 }
 
 /**
  * Adds a new person
  */
 public void add(Person person) {
  logger.debug("Adding new person");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Persists to db
  session.save(person);
 }
 
 /**
  * Deletes an existing person
  * @param id the id of the existing person
  */
 public void delete(Integer id) {
  logger.debug("Deleting existing person");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
 
  // Retrieve record
  Person person = (Person) session.get(Person.class, id);
  
  // Delete person
  session.delete(person);
 }
 
 /**
  * Edits an existing person
  */
 public void edit(Person person) {
  logger.debug("Editing existing person");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Retrieve existing person via id
  Person existingPerson = (Person) session.get(Person.class, person.getId());
  
  // Assign updated values to this person
  existingPerson.setFirstName(person.getFirstName());
  existingPerson.setLastName(person.getLastName());
  existingPerson.setMoney(person.getMoney());

  // Save updates
  session.save(existingPerson);
 }
}

What exactly has changed from the original implementation to our new code? Here are the changes:

Get Method
old code

public Person get( Integer id ) {
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Retrieve existing person
  // Create a Hibernate query (HQL)
  Query query = session.createQuery("FROM Person as p LEFT JOIN FETCH  p.creditCards WHERE p.id="+id);
  
  return (Person) query.uniqueResult();
 }

new code

public Person get( Integer id ) {
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Retrieve existing person
  return (Person) session.get(Person.class, id);
 }

Delete Method
old code

public void delete(Integer id) {
  logger.debug("Deleting existing person");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Create a Hibernate query (HQL)
  Query query = session.createQuery("FROM Person as p LEFT JOIN FETCH  p.creditCards WHERE p.id="+id);
 
  // Retrieve record
  Person person = (Person) query.uniqueResult();
  
  Set<:CreditCard> creditCards =person.getCreditCards();
  
  // Delete person
  session.delete(person);
  
  // Delete associated credit cards
  for (CreditCard creditCard: creditCards) {
   session.delete(creditCard);
  }
 }

new code

public void delete(Integer id) {
  logger.debug("Deleting existing person");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
 
  // Retrieve record
  Person person = (Person) session.get(Person.class, id);
  
  // Delete person
  session.delete(person);
 }

CreditCardService.java

package org.krams.tutorial.service;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.krams.tutorial.domain.CreditCard;
import org.krams.tutorial.domain.Person;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * Service for processing Credit Cards
 * 
 * @author Krams at {@link http://krams915@blogspot.com
 */
@Service("creditCardService")
@Transactional
public class CreditCardService {

 protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("service");
 
 @Resource(name="sessionFactory")
 private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
 
 /**
  * Retrieves all credit cards
  */
 public List<CreditCard> getAll(Integer personId) {
  logger.debug("Retrieving all credit cards");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Create a Hibernate query (HQL)
  Query query = session.createQuery("FROM Person as p WHERE p.id="+personId);
  
  Person person = (Person) query.uniqueResult();
  
  // Retrieve all
  return  new ArrayList<CreditCard>(person.getCreditCards());
 }
 
 /**
  * Retrieves all credit cards
  */
 public List<CreditCard> getAll() {
  logger.debug("Retrieving all credit cards");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Create a Hibernate query (HQL)
  Query query = session.createQuery("FROM CreditCard");
  
  // Retrieve all
  return  query.list();
 }
 
 /**
  * Retrieves a single credit card
  */
 public CreditCard get( Integer id ) {
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Retrieve existing credit card
  CreditCard creditCard = (CreditCard) session.get(CreditCard.class, id);
  
  // Persists to db
  return creditCard;
 }
 
 /**
  * Adds a new credit card
  */
 public void add(Integer personId, CreditCard creditCard) {
  logger.debug("Adding new credit card");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
 
  // Persists to db
  session.save(creditCard);
  
  // Add to person as well
  // Retrieve existing person via id
  Person existingPerson = (Person) session.get(Person.class, personId);
  
  // Assign updated values to this person
  existingPerson.getCreditCards().add(creditCard);

  // Save updates
  session.save(existingPerson);
 }
 
 /**
  * Deletes an existing credit card
  */
 public void delete(Integer id) {
  logger.debug("Deleting existing credit card");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
     // Delete reference to foreign key credit card first
  // We need a SQL query instead of HQL query here to access the third table
     Query query = session.createSQLQuery("DELETE FROM PersonCreditCards " +
       "WHERE CREDIT_ID="+id);
     
     query.executeUpdate();
     
  // Retrieve existing credit card
  CreditCard creditCard = (CreditCard) session.get(CreditCard.class, id);
  
  // Delete 
  session.delete(creditCard);
 }
 
 /**
  * Edits an existing credit card
  */
 public void edit(CreditCard creditCard) {
  logger.debug("Editing existing creditCard");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Retrieve existing credit card via id
  CreditCard existingCreditCard = (CreditCard) session.get(CreditCard.class, creditCard.getId());
  
  // Assign updated values to this credit card
  existingCreditCard.setNumber(creditCard.getNumber());
  existingCreditCard.setType(creditCard.getType());

  // Save updates
  session.save(existingCreditCard);
 }
}

What exactly has changed from the original implementation to our new code? Here are the changes:

Fetch Query
Since we have specified a Fetch strategy, we can now remove the LEFT JOIN FETCH from the HQL query.

old code

Query query = session.createQuery("FROM Person as p LEFT JOIN FETCH  p.creditCards WHERE p.id="+personId);

new code

Query query = session.createQuery("FROM Person as p WHERE p.id="+personId);

When we specified FetchType.EAGER we're letting Hibernate load the associated records automatically:

@OneToMany(fetch=FetchType.EAGER)

Delete Query
Since we have explicitly specified the join table name and join column names, we have to adjust our SQL query.

old code

Query query = session.createSQLQuery("DELETE FROM PERSON_CREDIT_CARD " +
       "WHERE creditCards_ID="+id);

new code

Query query = session.createSQLQuery("DELETE FROM PersonCreditCards " +
       "WHERE CREDIT_ID="+id);

Configuration

We've completed the changes necessary for the project. The next step is to declare the configuration files. But since nothing has changed in the configuration files, we won't be posting them again here. Please see the original tutorial Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association if you want to see the files.

Run the Application

Setup the database

Access the main application

To access the main application, use the following URL:

http://localhost:8080/spring-hibernate-one-to-many-jointable/krams/main/record/list

You should see the following application:

Conclusion

That's it. We've successfully expanded our previous project Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association by explicitly specifying the join table and join columns. We also declared the Cascade and Fetch strategies explicitly.

Download the project
You can access the project site at Google's Project Hosting at http://code.google.com/p/spring-mvc-hibernate-annotations-integration-tutorial/

You can download the project as a Maven build. Look for the spring-hibernate-one-to-many-jointable.zip in the Download sections.

You can run the project directly using an embedded server via Maven.
For Tomcat: mvn tomcat:run
For Jetty: mvn jetty:run

If you want to learn more about Spring MVC and integration with other technologies, feel free to read my other tutorials in the Tutorials section.

Share the joy:

Subscribe by reader

Subscribe by email Share

Saturday, March 19, 2011

Spring - Hibernate: Many-To-One Association

Introduction

In this tutorial we'll explore how to implement a many-to-one association using Hibernate Annotations and Spring MVC 3. We will use @ManyToOne annotation to specify the relationship between our objects. We will not specify Cascade types or Fetch strategies, but instead rely on @ManyToOne's default settings.

If you want to see how to implement this project using @OneToMany annotation instead, see Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association.

Spring MVC 3 and Hibernate Tutorials Series
Spring - Hibernate: Many-To-One Association - Explicitly Specify Join Table, Cascade, and Fetch
Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association - Explicitly Specify Join Table, Cascade, and Fetch
Spring - Hibernate: Many-To-One Association
Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association
Spring MVC 3, Hibernate Annotations, MySQL Integration Tutorial
Spring MVC 3, Hibernate Annotations, HSQLDB Integration Tutorial

What is Many-To-One Association?

A many-to-one relationship is where one entity (typically a column or set of columns) contains values that refer to another entity (a column or set of columns) that has unique values.

Source: http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/ablxhelp/v8r4m0/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.db2.abx.cub.doc/abx-c-cube-many21relationships.html

Specification

Our application is simple CRUD system for managing a list of records. Each record corresponds to a single person containing personal information and credit card details. Each person can own zero or more credit cards. Moreover, a person's person information is edited separately from his credit card details.

Below are sample screenshots from the application:

Domain Objects

Based on the specs, we have two domain objects: Person and Credit Card.

A Person object has the following properties:

id
first name
last name
money

Whereas a Credit Card object has the following properties:

id
type
number
person

Notice each Credit Card has a reference to a Person hence, the many-to-one relationship. We can of course look at this relationship the other way around: one-to-many relationship. See Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association

Development

We'll split our development in three layers: Domain, Service, and Controller. Then we'll declare the configuration files. Let's start with the Domain layer.

Domain Layer

As discussed earlier, we have two domain objects: Person and Credit Card. Consequently, we'll declare two POJOs to represent our domain. Each POJO will be annotated with @Entity so that we can persist them to a database.

Person.java

package org.krams.tutorial.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

/**
 * Represents a person entity
 * 
 * @author Krams at {@link http://krams915@blogspot.com
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "PERSON")
public class Person implements Serializable {

 private static final long serialVersionUID = -5527566248002296042L;
 
 @Id
 @Column(name = "ID")
 @GeneratedValue
 private Integer id;
 
 @Column(name = "FIRST_NAME")
 private String firstName;
 
 @Column(name = "LAST_NAME")
 private String lastName;
 
 @Column(name = "MONEY")
 private Double money;
 
 public Integer getId() {
  return id;
 }

 public void setId(Integer id) {
  this.id = id;
 }

 public String getFirstName() {
  return firstName;
 }

 public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
  this.firstName = firstName;
 }

 public String getLastName() {
  return lastName;
 }

 public void setLastName(String lastName) {
  this.lastName = lastName;
 }

 public Double getMoney() {
  return money;
 }

 public void setMoney(Double money) {
  this.money = money;
 }
}

Person object has been mapped to the PERSON table. The table that gets auto-generated looks as follows:

CreditCard.java

package org.krams.tutorial.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;

/**
 * Represents a credit card entity
 * 
 * @author Krams at {@link http://krams915@blogspot.com
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "CREDIT_CARD")
public class CreditCard implements Serializable {

 private static final long serialVersionUID = 5924361831551833717L;

 @Id
 @Column(name = "ID")
 @GeneratedValue
 private Integer id;
 
 @Column(name = "TYPE")
 private String type;
 
 @Column(name = "NUMBER")
 private String number;

 @ManyToOne
 private Person person;
 
 public Integer getId() {
  return id;
 }

 public void setId(Integer id) {
  this.id = id;
 }

 public String getType() {
  return type;
 }

 public void setType(String type) {
  this.type = type;
 }

 public String getNumber() {
  return number;
 }

 public void setNumber(String number) {
  this.number = number;
 }

 public Person getPerson() {
  return person;
 }

 public void setPerson(Person person) {
  this.person = person;
 }
 
 
}

CreditCard object has been mapped to the CREDIT_CARD table. The table that gets auto-generated looks as follows:

The CREDIT_CARD table has a person_ID field that references a person on the Person table via its id. Notice the @ManyToOne annotation for the field person. We did not specify any Cascade type or Fetch strategy for this field. Instead, we rely on the annotation's default settings.

@Entity
@Table(name = "CREDIT_CARD")
public class CreditCard implements Serializable {

 ...
 @ManyToOne
 private Person person;
 ...
}

Using phpymyadmin's database designer, the Hibernate auto-generated relationship between Person and CreditCard looks as follows:

Again using phpymyadmin, the auto-generated tables looks as follows:

We declared two entities: a Person entity and a CreditCard entity. We expect two tables in the database, and we did. However, if we've implemented this using the default settings of @OneToMany annotation, we get three tables instead. See Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association

Service Layer

After declaring the Domain objects, we'll now proceed with the Service layer which contains two services: a PersonService and a CreditCardService.

PersonService
PersonService is responsible for handling CRUD operations for Person entities. Each method is eventually delegated to a Hibernate Session object.

PersonService.java

package org.krams.tutorial.service;

import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.krams.tutorial.domain.Person;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * Service for processing Persons
 * 
 * @author Krams at {@link http://krams915@blogspot.com
 */
@Service("personService")
@Transactional
public class PersonService {

 protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("service");
 
 @Resource(name="sessionFactory")
 private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
 
 /**
  * Retrieves all persons
  * 
  * @return a list of persons
  */
 public List<Person> getAll() {
  logger.debug("Retrieving all persons");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Create a Hibernate query (HQL)
  Query query = session.createQuery("FROM  Person");
  
  // Retrieve all
  return  query.list();
 }
 
 /**
  * Retrieves a single person
  */
 public Person get( Integer id ) {
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Retrieve existing person
  Person person = (Person) session.get(Person.class, id);
  
  return person;
 }
 
 /**
  * Adds a new person
  */
 public void add(Person person) {
  logger.debug("Adding new person");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Persists to db
  session.save(person);
 }
 
 /**
  * Deletes an existing person
  * @param id the id of the existing person
  */
 public void delete(Integer id) {
  logger.debug("Deleting existing person");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Retrieve existing person
  Person person = (Person) session.get(Person.class, id);
  
  // Delete 
  session.delete(person);
 }
 
 /**
  * Edits an existing person
  */
 public void edit(Person person) {
  logger.debug("Editing existing person");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Retrieve existing person via id
  Person existingPerson = (Person) session.get(Person.class, person.getId());
  
  // Assign updated values to this person
  existingPerson.setFirstName(person.getFirstName());
  existingPerson.setLastName(person.getLastName());
  existingPerson.setMoney(person.getMoney());

  // Save updates
  session.save(existingPerson);
 }
}

CreditCardService
CreditCardService is responsible for handling CRUD operations for CreditCard entities. Each method is eventually delegated to a Hibernate Session object.

CreditCardService.java

package org.krams.tutorial.service;

import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.krams.tutorial.domain.CreditCard;
import org.krams.tutorial.domain.Person;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * Service for processing Credit Cards
 * 
 * @author Krams at {@link http://krams915@blogspot.com
 */
@Service("creditCardService")
@Transactional
public class CreditCardService {

 protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("service");
 
 @Resource(name="sessionFactory")
 private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
 
 /**
  * Retrieves all credit cards
  */
 public List<CreditCard> getAll(Integer personId) {
  logger.debug("Retrieving all credit cards");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Create a Hibernate query (HQL)
  Query query = session.createQuery("FROM  CreditCard WHERE person.id=" +personId);
  
  // Retrieve all
  return  query.list();
 }
 
 /**
  * Retrieves all credit cards
  */
 public List<CreditCard> getAll() {
  logger.debug("Retrieving all credit cards");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Create a Hibernate query (HQL)
  Query query = session.createQuery("FROM  CreditCard");
  
  // Retrieve all
  return  query.list();
 }
 
 /**
  * Retrieves a single credit card
  */
 public CreditCard get( Integer id ) {
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Retrieve existing credit card
  CreditCard creditCard = (CreditCard) session.get(CreditCard.class, id);
  
  // Persists to db
  return creditCard;
 }
 
 /**
  * Adds a new credit card
  */
 public void add(Integer personId, CreditCard creditCard) {
  logger.debug("Adding new credit card");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Retrieve existing person via id
  Person existingPerson = (Person) session.get(Person.class, personId);
  
  // Add person to credit card
  creditCard.setPerson(existingPerson);
  
  // Persists to db
  session.save(creditCard);
 }
 
 /**
  * Deletes an existing credit card
  */
 public void delete(Integer id) {
  logger.debug("Deleting existing credit card");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Retrieve existing credit card
  CreditCard creditCard = (CreditCard) session.get(CreditCard.class, id);
  
  // Delete 
  session.delete(creditCard);
 }
 
 /**
  * Deletes all credit cards based on the person's id
  */
 public void deleteAll(Integer personId) {
  logger.debug("Deleting existing credit cards based on person's id");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Create a Hibernate query (HQL)
  Query query = session.createQuery("DELETE FROM CreditCard WHERE person.id=" +personId);
  
  // Delete all
  query.executeUpdate();
 }
 
 /**
  * Edits an existing credit card
  */
 public void edit(CreditCard creditCard) {
  logger.debug("Editing existing creditCard");
  
  // Retrieve session from Hibernate
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
  
  // Retrieve existing credit card via id
  CreditCard existingCreditCard = (CreditCard) session.get(CreditCard.class, creditCard.getId());
  
  // Assign updated values to this credit card
  existingCreditCard.setNumber(creditCard.getNumber());
  existingCreditCard.setType(creditCard.getType());

  // Save updates
  session.save(existingCreditCard);
 }
}

Controller Layer

After declaring the Domain and Service objects, we'll now proceed with the Controller layer.
We'll declare two controllers: MainController and CreditCardController.

MainController
MainController is responsible for handling request for Person records. Each CRUD request is ultimately delegated to the PersonService and then returns an appropriate JSP page.

MainController.java

package org.krams.tutorial.controller;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.krams.tutorial.domain.Person;
import org.krams.tutorial.dto.PersonDTO;
import org.krams.tutorial.service.CreditCardService;
import org.krams.tutorial.service.PersonService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;


/**
 * Handles and retrieves person request
 * 
 * @author Krams at {@link http://krams915@blogspot.com
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/main/record")
public class MainController {

 protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller");
 
 @Resource(name="personService")
 private PersonService personService;
 
 @Resource(name="creditCardService")
 private CreditCardService creditCardService;
 
 /**
  * Retrieves the "Records" page
  */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/list", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getRecords(Model model) {
     logger.debug("Received request to show records page");
     
     // Retrieve all persons
     List<Person> persons = personService.getAll();
     
     // Prepare model object
     List<PersonDTO> personsDTO = new ArrayList<PersonDTO>();
     
     for (Person person: persons) {
      // Create new data transfer object
      PersonDTO dto = new PersonDTO();
      
   dto.setId(person.getId());
   dto.setFirstName(person.getFirstName());
   dto.setLastName(person.getLastName());
   dto.setMoney(person.getMoney());
   dto.setCreditCards(creditCardService.getAll(person.getId()));
   
   // Add to model list
   personsDTO.add(dto);
     }
     
     // Add to model
     model.addAttribute("persons", personsDTO);

     // This will resolve to /WEB-INF/jsp/records.jsp
  return "records";
 }
    
    /**
     *  Retrieves the "Add New Record" page
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getAdd(Model model) {
     logger.debug("Received request to show add page");
    
     // Create new Person and add to model
     model.addAttribute("personAttribute", new Person());

     // This will resolve to /WEB-INF/jsp/add-record.jsp
     return "add-record";
 }
 
    /**
     * Adds a new record
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String postAdd(@ModelAttribute("personAttribute") Person person) {
  logger.debug("Received request to add new record");

  // Delegate to service
  personService.add(person);

  // Redirect to url
  return "redirect:/krams/main/record/list";
 }
    
    /**
     * Deletes a record including all the associated credit cards
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/delete", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getDelete(@RequestParam("id") Integer personId) {
     logger.debug("Received request to delete record");
    
     // Delete all associated credit cards first
     creditCardService.deleteAll(personId);
     
     // Delete person
  personService.delete(personId);

  // Redirect to url
  return "redirect:/krams/main/record/list";
 }
    
    /**
     * Retrieves the "Edit Existing Record" page
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/edit", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getEdit(@RequestParam("id") Integer personId, Model model) {
     logger.debug("Received request to show edit page");
     
     // Retrieve person by id
     Person existingPerson = personService.get(personId);

     // Add to model
     model.addAttribute("personAttribute", existingPerson);

     // This will resolve to /WEB-INF/jsp/edit-record.jsp
     return "edit-record";
 }
 
    /**
     * Edits an existing record
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/edit", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String postEdit(@RequestParam("id") Integer personId, 
              @ModelAttribute("personAttribute") Person person) {
  logger.debug("Received request to add new person");
  
  // Assign id
  person.setId(personId);
  
  // Delegate to service
  personService.edit(person);

  // Redirect to url
  return "redirect:/krams/main/record/list";
 }
    
}

Pay attention to the delete() method. In order to delete a Person record, we have to delete first all the associated Credit Cards. Then we delete the Person record.

/**
     * Deletes a record including all the associated credit cards
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/delete", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getDelete(@RequestParam("id") Integer personId) {
     logger.debug("Received request to delete record");
    
     // Delete all associated credit cards first
     creditCardService.deleteAll(personId);
     
     // Delete person
  personService.delete(personId);

  // Redirect to url
  return "redirect:/krams/main/record/list";
 }

Notice the getRecords() method maps the Person and CreditCard records to a data transfer object: PersonDTO

/**
  * Retrieves the "Records" page
  */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/list", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getRecords(Model model) {
     logger.debug("Received request to show records page");
     
     // Retrieve all persons
     List<Person> persons = personService.getAll();
     
     // Prepare model object
     List<PersonDTO> personsDTO = new ArrayList<PersonDTO>();
     
     for (Person person: persons) {
      // Create new data transfer object
      PersonDTO dto = new PersonDTO();
      
   dto.setId(person.getId());
   dto.setFirstName(person.getFirstName());
   dto.setLastName(person.getLastName());
   dto.setMoney(person.getMoney());
   dto.setCreditCards(creditCardService.getAll(person.getId()));
   
   // Add to model list
   personsDTO.add(dto);
     }
     
     // Add to model
     model.addAttribute("persons", personsDTO);

     // This will resolve to /WEB-INF/jsp/records.jsp
  return "records";
 }

PersonDTO acts as a data model for the records.jsp view.

PersonDTO.java

package org.krams.tutorial.dto;

import java.util.List;

import org.krams.tutorial.domain.CreditCard;

/**
 * Data Transfer Object for displaying purposes
 */
public class PersonDTO {

 private Integer id;
 private String firstName;
 private String lastName;
 private Double money;
 private List<CreditCard> creditCards;
 
 public Integer getId() {
  return id;
 }
 public void setId(Integer id) {
  this.id = id;
 }
 public String getFirstName() {
  return firstName;
 }
 public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
  this.firstName = firstName;
 }
 public String getLastName() {
  return lastName;
 }
 public void setLastName(String lastName) {
  this.lastName = lastName;
 }
 public Double getMoney() {
  return money;
 }
 public void setMoney(Double money) {
  this.money = money;
 }
 public List<CreditCard> getCreditCards() {
  return creditCards;
 }
 public void setCreditCards(List<CreditCard> creditCards) {
  this.creditCards = creditCards;
 }
}

CreditCardController
CreditCardController is responsible for handling request for credit card records. We won't be using all methods available in this controller. They had been added for the sake of completeness.

CreditCardController.java

package org.krams.tutorial.controller;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.krams.tutorial.domain.CreditCard;
import org.krams.tutorial.service.CreditCardService;
import org.krams.tutorial.service.PersonService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;


/**
 * Handles and retrieves person request
 * 
 * @author Krams at {@link http://krams915@blogspot.com
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/main/creditcard")
public class CreditCardController {

 protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller");
 
 @Resource(name="personService")
 private PersonService personService;
 
 @Resource(name="creditCardService")
 private CreditCardService creditCardService;
 
    /**
     * Retrieves the "Add New Credit Card" page
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getAdd(@RequestParam("id") Integer personId, Model model) {
     logger.debug("Received request to show add page");
    
     // Prepare model object
     CreditCard creditCard = new CreditCard();
     creditCard.setPerson(personService.get(personId));
     
     // Add to model
     model.addAttribute("creditCardAttribute", creditCard);

     // This will resolve to /WEB-INF/jsp/add-credit-card.jsp
     return "add-credit-card";
 }
 
    /**
     * Adds a new credit card
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String postAdd(@RequestParam("id") Integer personId, 
              @ModelAttribute("creditCardAttribute") CreditCard creditCard) {
  logger.debug("Received request to add new credit card");
  
  // Delegate to service
  creditCardService.add(personId, creditCard);

  // Redirect to url
  return "redirect:/krams/main/record/list";
 }
    
    
    /**
     * Deletes a credit card
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/delete", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getDelete(@RequestParam("id") Integer creditCardId) {
     logger.debug("Received request to delete credit card");
    
     // Delegate to service
  creditCardService.delete(creditCardId);

  // Redirect to url
  return "redirect:/krams/main/record/list";
 }
   
    /**
     * Retrieves the "Edit Existing Credit Card" page
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/edit", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getEdit(@RequestParam("id") Integer creditCardId, Model model) {
     logger.debug("Received request to show edit page");
     
     // Retrieve credit card by id
     CreditCard existingCreditCard = creditCardService.get(creditCardId);

     // Add to model
     model.addAttribute("creditCardAttribute", existingCreditCard);

     // This will resolve to /WEB-INF/jsp/edit-credit-card.jsp
     return "edit-credit-card";
 }
 
    /**
     * Edits an existing credit card
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/edit", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String postEdit(@RequestParam("id") Integer creditCardId, 
              @ModelAttribute("creditCardAttribute") CreditCard creditCard) {
  logger.debug("Received request to add new credit card");
  
  // Assign id
  creditCard.setId(creditCardId);
  
  // Delegate to service
  creditCardService.edit(creditCard);

  // Redirect to url
  return "redirect:/krams/main/record/list";
 }
}

View Layer

After discussing the Domain, Service, and Controller layers, we'll now turn our focus to the View layer. Our views are primarily composed of JSP pages. Here are the JSPs:

Show all records

records.jsp

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Records</h1>

<c:url var="editImgUrl" value="/resources/img/edit.png" />
<c:url var="deleteImgUrl" value="/resources/img/delete.png" />
<c:url var="addUrl" value="/krams/main/record/add" />
<table style="border: 1px solid; width: 100%; text-align:center">
 <thead style="background:#d3dce3">
  <tr>
   <th>Id</th>
   <th>First Name</th>
   <th>Last Name</th>
   <th>Money</th>
   <th colspan="2"></th>
   <th>CC Type</th>
   <th>CC Number</th>
   <th colspan="3"></th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody style="background:#ccc">
 <c:forEach items="${persons}" var="person">
  <c:url var="editUrl" value="/krams/main/record/edit?id=${person.id}" />
  <c:url var="deleteUrl" value="/krams/main/record/delete?id=${person.id}" />
  
  <c:if test="${!empty person.creditCards}">
   <c:forEach items="${person.creditCards}" var="creditCard">
   <tr>
    <td><c:out value="${person.id}" /></td>
    <td><c:out value="${person.firstName}" /></td>
    <td><c:out value="${person.lastName}" /></td>
    <td><c:out value="${person.money}" /></td>
    <td><a href="${editUrl}"><img src="${editImgUrl}"></img></a></td>
    <td><a href="${deleteUrl}"><img src="${deleteImgUrl}"></img></a></td>
    
    <td><c:out value="${creditCard.type}" /></td>
    <td><c:out value="${creditCard.number}" /></td>
    <c:url var="addCcUrl" value="/krams/main/creditcard/add?id=${person.id}" />
    <c:url var="editCcUrl" value="/krams/main/creditcard/edit?id=${creditCard.id}" />
    <c:url var="deleteCcUrl" value="/krams/main/creditcard/delete?id=${creditCard.id}" />
    <td><a href="${addCcUrl}">+</a></td>
    <td><a href="${editCcUrl}"><img src="${editImgUrl}"></img></a></td>
    <td><a href="${deleteCcUrl}"><img src="${deleteImgUrl}"></img></a></td>
   </tr>
   </c:forEach>
  </c:if>
  
  <c:if test="${empty person.creditCards}">
   <tr>
    <td><c:out value="${person.id}" /></td>
    <td><c:out value="${person.firstName}" /></td>
    <td><c:out value="${person.lastName}" /></td>
    <td><c:out value="${person.money}" /></td>
    <td><a href="${editUrl}"><img src="${editImgUrl}"></img></a></td>
    <td><a href="${deleteUrl}"><img src="${deleteImgUrl}"></img></a></td>
    
    <td>N/A</td>
    <td>N/A</td>
    <c:url var="addCcUrl" value="/krams/main/creditcard/add?id=${person.id}" />
    <td><a href="${addCcUrl}">+</a></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
   </tr>
  </c:if>
  
 </c:forEach>
 </tbody>
</table>

<c:if test="${empty persons}">
 No records found. 
</c:if>

<p><a href="${addUrl}">Create new record</a></p>

</body>
</html>

Add new record

add-record.jsp

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form" %>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Create New Record</h1>

<c:url var="saveUrl" value="/krams/main/record/add" />
<form:form modelAttribute="personAttribute" method="POST" action="${saveUrl}">
 <table>
  <tr>
   <td><form:label path="firstName">First Name:</form:label></td>
   <td><form:input path="firstName"/></td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
   <td><form:label path="lastName">Last Name</form:label></td>
   <td><form:input path="lastName"/></td>
  </tr>
  
  <tr>
   <td><form:label path="money">Money</form:label></td>
   <td><form:input path="money"/></td>
  </tr>
 </table>
 
 <input type="submit" value="Save" />
</form:form>

</body>
</html>

Edit existing record

edit-record.jsp

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form" %>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Edit Existing Record</h1>

<c:url var="saveUrl" value="/krams/main/record/edit?id=${personAttribute.id}" />
<form:form modelAttribute="personAttribute" method="POST" action="${saveUrl}">
 <table>
  <tr>
   <td><form:label path="id">Id:</form:label></td>
   <td><form:input path="id" disabled="true"/></td>
  </tr>
 
  <tr>
   <td><form:label path="firstName">First Name:</form:label></td>
   <td><form:input path="firstName"/></td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
   <td><form:label path="lastName">Last Name</form:label></td>
   <td><form:input path="lastName"/></td>
  </tr>
  
  <tr>
   <td><form:label path="money">Money</form:label></td>
   <td><form:input path="money"/></td>
  </tr>
 </table>
 
 <input type="submit" value="Save" />
</form:form>

</body>
</html>

Add new credit card

add-credit-card.jsp

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form" %>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Add New Credit Card</h1>

<c:url var="saveUrl" value="/krams/main/creditcard/add?id=${personId}" />
<form:form modelAttribute="creditCardAttribute" method="POST" action="${saveUrl}">
 <table>
 
  <tr>
   <td>Person Id:</td>
   <td><input type="text" value="${personId}" disabled="true"/>
  </tr>
  
  <tr>
   <td><form:label path="type">Type:</form:label></td>
   <td><form:input path="type"/></td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
   <td><form:label path="number">Number:</form:label></td>
   <td><form:input path="number"/></td>
  </tr>
 </table>
 
 <input type="submit" value="Save" />
</form:form>

</body>
</html>

Edit existing credit card

edit-credit-card.jsp

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form" %>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Edit Existing Credit Card</h1>

<c:url var="saveUrl" value="/krams/main/creditcard/edit?id=${creditCardAttribute.id}" />
<form:form modelAttribute="creditCardAttribute" method="POST" action="${saveUrl}">
 <table>
 
  <tr>
   <td>Person Id:</td>
   <td><input type="text" value="${personId}" disabled="true"/>
  </tr>
  
  <tr>
   <td><form:label path="type">Type:</form:label></td>
   <td><form:input path="type"/></td>
  </tr>

  <tr>
   <td><form:label path="number">Number:</form:label></td>
   <td><form:input path="number"/></td>
  </tr>
 </table>
 
 <input type="submit" value="Save" />
</form:form>

</body>
</html>

Configuration

We have completed the necessary Java classes. Our next step is to declare the necessary configuration files:

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
 
 <servlet>
  <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>
 
 <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/krams/*</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

 <listener>
  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
 </listener>
 
</web-app>

spring-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
 
 <!-- Declare a view resolver -->
 <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" 
      p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp" />

</beans>

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
 
 <!-- Activates various annotations to be detected in bean classes -->
 <context:annotation-config />
 
 <!-- Scans the classpath for annotated components that will be auto-registered as Spring beans.
  For example @Controller and @Service. Make sure to set the correct base-package-->
 <context:component-scan base-package="org.krams.tutorial" />
 
 <!-- Configures the annotation-driven Spring MVC Controller programming model.
 Note that, with Spring 3.0, this tag works in Servlet MVC only!  -->
 <mvc:annotation-driven /> 
 
 <!-- Load Hibernate related configuration -->
 <import resource="hibernate-context.xml" />
 
</beans>

hibernate-context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans  xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xsi:schemaLocation="
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
      ">

 <context:property-placeholder location="/WEB-INF/spring.properties" />
    
    <!-- Enable annotation style of managing transactions -->
 <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> 
   
    <!-- Declare the Hibernate SessionFactory for retrieving Hibernate sessions -->
    <!-- See http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.0.x/javadoc-api/org/springframework/orm/hibernate3/annotation/AnnotationSessionFactoryBean.html -->        
 <!-- See http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/stable/core/api/index.html?org/hibernate/SessionFactory.html -->
 <!-- See http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/stable/core/api/index.html?org/hibernate/Session.html -->
 <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean"
     p:dataSource-ref="dataSource"
     p:configLocation="${hibernate.config}"
     p:packagesToScan="org.krams.tutorial"/>
 
 <!-- Declare a datasource that has pooling capabilities-->  
 <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
    destroy-method="close"
    p:driverClass="${app.jdbc.driverClassName}"
    p:jdbcUrl="${app.jdbc.url}"
    p:user="${app.jdbc.username}"
    p:password="${app.jdbc.password}"
    p:acquireIncrement="5"
    p:idleConnectionTestPeriod="60"
    p:maxPoolSize="100"
    p:maxStatements="50"
    p:minPoolSize="10" />

 <!-- Declare a transaction manager-->
 <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" 
          p:sessionFactory-ref="sessionFactory" />
  
</beans>

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
  "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
  "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
  
<hibernate-configuration>
  <session-factory>
   <!-- We're using MySQL database so the dialect needs to MySQL as well-->
    <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>
    <!-- Enable this to see the SQL statements in the logs-->
    <property name="show_sql">true</property>
    <!-- This will drop our existing database and re-create a new one.
      Existing data will be deleted! -->
    <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
  </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

spring.properties

# database properties
app.jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
app.jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/mydatabase
app.jdbc.username=root
app.jdbc.password=

#hibernate properties
hibernate.config=/WEB-INF/hibernate.cfg.xml

Run the Application

Setup the database

Access the main application

To access the main application, use the following URL:

http://localhost:8080/spring-hibernate-many-to-one-default/krams/main/record/list

You should see the following application:

Conclusion

That's it. We've successfully created a Spring MVC application and implemented a one-to-many association in Hibernate using annotations. We've also discussed issues and solutions when using default settings of @ManyToOne annotation.

Download the project
You can access the project site at Google's Project Hosting at http://code.google.com/p/spring-mvc-hibernate-annotations-integration-tutorial/

You can download the project as a Maven build. Look for the spring-hibernate-many-to-one-default.zip in the Download sections.

You can run the project directly using an embedded server via Maven.
For Tomcat: mvn tomcat:run
For Jetty: mvn jetty:run

If you want to learn more about Spring MVC and integration with other technologies, feel free to read my other tutorials in the Tutorials section.

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Sunday, March 20, 2011

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Spring - Hibernate: One-To-Many Association - Explicitly Specify Join Table, Cascade, and Fetch

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Saturday, March 19, 2011

Spring - Hibernate: Many-To-One Association

Introduction

Specification

Domain Objects

Development

Domain Layer

Service Layer

Controller Layer

View Layer

Configuration

Run the Application

Setup the database

Access the main application

Conclusion